Management of Binocular Anomalies

Developed by:
Bruce Wick, O.D., PhD., F.A.A.O.
Jay Rumsey, O.D., F.A.A.O.

Table Display Format

General Management Philosophy

Strabismus - General Philosophy

Strabismus Treatment

    Normal Correspondence
  1. Eso - Constant
  2. Eso - Occasional
  3. Exo - Constant
  4. Exo - Occasional
    Anomalous Correnspondence
  5. Eso - Constant - Cosmetic Cure
  6. Eso - Constant - Functional Cure
  7. Eso - Occasional
  8. Exo - Constant
  9. Exo - Occasional

Associated Strabismus Conditions

Strabismus Prognosis

    Normal Correspondence
  1. Eso - Constant
  2. Eso - Occasional
  3. Exo - Constant
  4. Exo - Occasional
    Anomalous Correnspondence
  5. Eso - Constant
  6. Eso - Occasional
  7. Exo - Constant
  8. Exo - Occasional

Heterophoria General Philosophy

Specific Philosophy
    High AC/A (>=6)
  1. Eso (>3)
  2. Normal
  3. Exo (>5)
    Normal AC/A
  4. Eso (>3)
  5. Normal
  6. Exo (>5)
    Low AC/A (<=3)
  7. Eso (>3)
  8. Normal
  9. Exo (>5)

Heterophoria Treatment

    High AC/A (>=6)
  1. Eso (>3)
  2. Normal
  3. Exo (>5)
    Normal AC/A
  4. Eso (>3)
  5. Normal
  6. Exo (>5)
    Low AC/A (<=3)
  7. Eso (>3)
  8. Normal
  9. Exo (>5)

Associated Heterophoria Conditions

Heterophoria Prognosis

    High AC/A (>=6)
  1. Eso (>3)
  2. Normal
  3. Exo (>5)
    Normal AC/A
  4. Eso (>3)
  5. Normal
  6. Exo (>5)
    Low AC/A (<=3)
  7. Eso (>3)
  8. Normal
  9. Exo (>5)

Vision Therapy