NSU Search Site Map Home NSU Global Navigation Bar
NSU In The News News Release Health Tip Email Us SharkBytes Home

 

November Health Tips

November is American Diabetes Month

Did you know that diabetes is becoming epidemic in our communities? We are seeing types of diabetes in populations that in the past has been seen rarely, especially in children. In many cases this is being attributed to our more sedentary life and eating habits. With the obesity epidemic spreading through our country, so is diabetes, a complex disease with many forms and devastating complications.

There are 20.8 million children and adults in the United States, or 7% of the population, who have diabetes. While an estimated 14.6 million have been diagnosed, unfortunately, 6.2 million people (or nearly one-third) are unaware that they have the disease.

Diabetes is associated with an increased risk for a number of serious, sometimes life-threatening complications and certain populations experience an even greater threat. Good diabetes control can help reduce patients risk, however many people are not even aware that they have diabetes until they develop one of its complications.

Did you know that diabetes takes many forms?

Type 1 diabetes
Results from the body's failure to produce insulin, the hormone that "unlocks" the cells of the body, allowing glucose to enter and fuel them. It is estimated that 5-10% of Americans who are diagnosed with diabetes have type 1 diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes
Results from insulin resistance (a condition in which the body fails to properly use insulin), combined with relative insulin deficiency. Most Americans who are diagnosed with diabetes have type 2 diabetes.

Gestational diabetes
Gestational diabetes affects about 4% of all pregnant women - about 135,000 cases in the United States each year.

Pre-diabetes
Pre-diabetes is a condition that occurs when a person's blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough for a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. There are 54 million Americans who have pre-diabetes, in addition to the 20.8 million with diabetes.

How to Prevent or Delay Diabetes

Pre-diabetes is a serious medical condition that can be treated.  The good news is that the recently completed Diabetes Prevention Program study (DPP) conclusively showed that people with pre-diabetes can prevent the development of type 2 diabetes by making changes in their diet and increasing their level of physical activity. They may even be able to return their blood glucose levels to the normal range.

While the DPP also showed that some medications may delay the development of diabetes, diet and exercise worked better. Just 30 minutes a day of moderate physical activity, coupled with a 5-10% reduction in body weight, produced a 58% reduction in diabetes.

The American Diabetes Association is developing materials that will help people understand their risks for pre-diabetes and what they can do to halt the progression to diabetes and even to, "turn back the clock."  In the meantime, ADA has a wealth of resources for people with diabetes or at risk for diabetes that can be of use to people interested in pre-diabetes.

If you would like to take a test to see if you are at risk for diabetes or would like to find out more regarding this disease please visit the web site of the American Diabetes Association.

Robert S. Oller, D.O
Chief Executive Officer, Division of Clinical Operations 
Professor of Family Medicine, College of Osteopathic Medicine

Osteoporosis: The Silent Thief

Yaritza Vega and Joy Ferris, Pharm. D. Candidates
Nancy Borja, Pharm. D., Clinical Assistant Professor

Osteoporosis is a condition of decreased bone mass. This leads to fragile bones, which are then at an increased risk for fractures.  The term "porosis" means spongy, which describes the appearance of osteoporosis bones when they are broken in half. Osteoporosis occurs when the body fails to form enough new bone, when too much old bone is reabsorbed by the body, or both. The leading causes are a drop in estrogen in women at the time of menopause, and a drop in testosterone in men. All men and women face the risk and dangers of osteoporosis in their lifetime, but women, especially those over the age of 50, are more likely to develop this condition. Other causes, although not all inclusive, include excess corticosteroid production from Cushing's syndrome, hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, and bone cancers.

There are no symptoms in the early stages of the disease. Symptoms occurring late in the disease can include: fractures of the vertebrae, wrists, or hips (usually the first indication); low back pain, neck pain, bone pain or tenderness; loss of height over time; and stooped posture. The diagnosis of osteoporosis is based on a special x-ray method called densitometry with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). This test is considered the “gold standard” for diagnosing osteoporosis. Densitometry will give accurate and precise measurements of the amount of bone. This measurement is termed "bone mineral density" or BMD.  

While there are treatments available for osteoporosis, there is no cure.  That is why it is critical to take the initiative to prevent osteoporosis.  Building strong bones, especially by the age of 30 is very important.  Some steps on the path of prevention include getting the recommended amounts of calcium and vitamin D, engaging in regular, weight-bearing exercise, avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, and seeing your health care provider frequently to access your bone health.

Currently, bisphosphonates [alendronate (Fosamax®), ibandronate (Boniva®) and risedronate (Actonel®)], calcitonin (Miacalcin Nasal Spray®), parathyroid hormone (Forteo®), raloxifene (Evista®), and estrogens are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the prevention and/or treatment of osteoporosis.  While there is no cure for osteoporosis, these medications affect the bone remodeling cycle which helps to prevent future bone loss.  You should see your health care provider to see if these treatment options are right for you.

For more information about osteoporosis, please visit the National Osteoporosis Foundation.

References:

Endocrine Disorders and Endocrine Surgery Web Site. Accessed on October 4, 2006.

MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia Web Site. Accessed October 4, 2006. 

National Osteoporosis Foundation Web Site. Accessed October 4, 2006.

A Novel Vaccine for Cancer: HPV (Human Papillomavirus)

Richelle Garcia, PharmD Candidate
Mary Cheung Lopez, PharmD Candidate
Preceptor: Nancy Borja, Pharm.D.

What is HPV?

  • Genital human papillomaviurus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted virus in the United States
  • Most HPV infections cause no symptoms and go away on their own, but it can cause cervical cancer in women
  • These viruses may cause abnormal Pap tests or genital warts.

How is HPV treated?

  • There is no cure for HPV infection, but the conditions it causes can be treated.

What is HPV vaccine?

  • GARDASIL® is a vaccine (injection/shot) that helps protect against four subtypes of HPV.  The vaccine does not protect against all types of HPV.

How is HPV vaccine given?

  • 3-dose series:
    • First dose: at a date you and your health care professional choose.
    • Second dose: 2 months after the first dose.
    • Third dose: 6 months after the first dose.

Who can receive HPV vaccine?

  • Routine vaccination: girls 11-12 years of age
  • Catch-up vaccination (those who didn’t receive it when they were younger): Women 13-26 years of age

How long does the vaccine protection last?

  • At this time, studies have shown that women after 5 years are still protected.  More research will be done to determine if booster vaccines are needed in later years.

Are there any side effects?

  • The vaccine has been tested around the world with no serious side effects.  The most commonly reported side effect is soreness at the injection site.

Price

  • Retail price of the vaccine is $120 per dose ($360 for the full series).
  • Some insurance companies will cover the cost of this vaccine.
  • Federal programs wuch as Vaccines for Chldren (VFC) will cover the HPV vaccine and also allows for children and teens to get the vaccine through Federally Qualified Health Centers or Rural Health Centers if their private insurance does not cover the vaccine.

If you would like further information, please refer to these website resources:


 

MORE HEALTH TIPS:



For more information, please contact Office of Public Affairs
This page is maintained by The Office of Public Affairs.
. Nova Southeastern University. Revised: December 11, 2006